IP Addresses are written as a sequence of four numbers separated by ".", like this: 208.123.246.35.
What is Public IP address? What is Private IP address?Public IP addresses are IP addresses used on Internet. They are internet route-able and are visible to the public. Most people who use Cable/DSL service at home/office obtain one dynamic Public IP address from ISP (Internet Service Provider).
Computers on a Local Area Network use Private IP addresses. 192.168.x.x is an example of a Private IP address.
What is the purpose of a broadband router?
The purpose of a broadband router is to share an internet connection among several computers. The broadband router will get one public IP from your ISP and assign dynamic private IP address to each of your computer. All of your computers will have unique private IP address but will use the same public IP address to browse Internet. The router provides a basic Firewall which can deny access to your local computers from Internet.
Why the IP address of my computers matters?
Usually computers in the same network use the same first three numbers of their IP address, only the 4th number is different. For example, your router could have IP address 192.168.2.1 while ethernet desktop uses 192.168.2.100 and wireless iPad use 192.168.2.102...etc.
If your network uses 192.168.2.x but one computer somehow uses an IP address of 192.168.1.100, then this computer is not in the same IP network and can not communicate with 192.168.2.x network.
How to find out my computer's private IP address?
If you have Windows 7/Windows Vista computer, click on Start -> go to "Search Programs and fields" field, enter "cmd" hit Enter key.
If you have Windows XP computer, click on Start -> Run -> type "cmd" or "command" hit OK.
Under the command prompt, type in "ipconfig" hit Enter. You will see your computer's IP address (IPv4 address), subnet mask, and default gateway. Usually the default gateway address is the IP address of your router.
How to make my computer obtain a dynamic IP address automatically?
Usually we let computers obtain IP address automatically from the router. You can click on Start -> Run -> type "ncpa.cpl" hit OK. In the Network Connection window, right click on "Local Area Connection" and select Properties. Double click on Internet Protocol TCP/IP. Select the option "obtain IP address automatically" and select the option "obtain DNS server address automatically" Click OK. Click OK again.
What if I prefer to set a static IP rather than dynamic IP address?
If you prefer not to obtain an IP address automatically, you can set static IP address to your computer. Locate your network connection icon in the Network Connection window. Go to the property of the network connection. Go to the Internet Protocol v4 (TCP/IP) Properties. Select the option "use the following IP address". Manually type in your static IP, subnet mask and default gateway. You will also need to manually type in the Primary DNS server address. Click OK twice.
What basic tool can I use to trouble shoot my networking problem?
The most popular tool is to use the "PING" command under the command prompt.
Click on Start -> Run -> type "command" hit OK. Under the command prompt, type in "ping x.x.x.x" hit Enter The x.x.x.x can be the IP address of your gateway. For example, type "ping 192.168.2.1" hit Enter. If you receive 4 replies, it means your computer can see that device and get replies.
You also can ping a device on the Internet. For example, "ping 209.191.93.52" is to ping a Yahoo site on Internet. If you can "ping 209.191.93.52" to get 4 replies from 209.191.93.52, you do have a good internet connection.
Ping a DNS name on Internet. If you can do "ping www.yahoo.com" and get 4 replies, your computer should able to browse Internet fine. If you can "ping 209.191.93.52" to get 4 replies from 209.191.93.52, but when you "ping www.yahoo.com" you get "unknown host", you have an Internet connection but you have a DNS problem to browse Internet. Check your DNS server address by typing "ipconfig /all" under the command prompt and it will give you some clue.
Define Network?
A network is a set of devices connected by physical media links. A network is recursively is a connection of two or more nodes by a physical link or two or more networks connected by one or more nodes.
What is a Link?
At the lowest level, a network can consist of two or more computers directly connected by some physical medium such as coaxial cable or optical fiber. Such a physical medium is called as Link.
What is a node?
A network can consist of two or more computers directly connected by some physical medium such as coaxial cable or optical fiber. Such a physical medium is called as Links and the computer it connects is called as Nodes.
What is a gateway or Router?
A node that is connected to two or more networks is commonly called as router or Gateway. It generally forwards message from one network to another.
What is point-point link?
If the physical links are limited to a pair of nodes it is said to be point-point link.
What is Multiple Access?
If the physical links are shared by more than two nodes, it is said to be Multiple Access.
What are the advantages of Distributed Processing?
- Security/Encapsulation
- Distributed database
- Faster Problem solving
- Security through redundancy
- Collaborative Processing
What are the criteria necessary for an effective and efficient network?
- Performance
- It can be measured in many ways, including transmit time and response time. b. Reliability
- It is measured by frequency of failure, the time it takes a link to recover from a failure, and the network's robustness.
- Security
- Security issues includes protecting data from unauthorized access and virues.
Name the factors that affect the performance of the network?
- Number of Users
- Type of transmission medium
- Hardware
- Software
Name the factors that affect the reliability of the network?
- Frequency of failure
- Recovery time of a network after a failure
Name the factors that affect the security of the network?
- Unauthorized Access
- Viruses
What is Protocol?
- A protocol is a set of rules that govern all aspects of information communication.
What are the key elements of protocols?
- The key elements of protocols are
- Syntax
- It refers to the structure or format of the data, that is the order in which they are presented.
- Semantics
- It refers to the meaning of each section of bits.
- Timing
- Timing refers to two characteristics: When data should be sent and how fast they can be sent.
What are the key design issues of a computer Network?
- Connectivity
- Cost-effective Resource Sharing
- Support for common Services
- Performance
Define Bandwidth and Latency?
Network performance is measured in Bandwidth (throughput) and Latency (Delay). Bandwidth of a network is given by the number of bits that can be transmitted over the network in a certain period of time. Latency corresponds to how long it t5akes a message to travel from one end off a network to the other. It is strictly measured in terms of time.
Define Routing?
The process of determining systematically hoe to forward messages toward the destination nodes based on its address is called routing.
What is a peer-peer process?
The processes on each machine that communicate at a given layer are called peer-peer process.
When a switch is said to be congested?
It is possible that a switch receives packets faster than the shared link can accommodate and stores in its memory, for an extended period of time, then the switch will eventually run out of buffer space, and some packets will have to be dropped and in this state is said to congested state.
What is WDM?
WDM is conceptually the same as FDM, except that the multiplexing and demultiplexing involve light signals transmitted through fiber optics channel.
What is TDM?
TDM is a digital process that can be applied when the data rate capacity of the transmission medium is greater than the data rate required by the sending and receiving devices.
What is Synchronous TDM?
In STDM, the multiplexer allocates exactly the same time slot to each device at all times, whether or not a device has anything to transmit.
List the layers of OSI
- a. Physical Layer
- b. Data Link Layer
- c. Network Layer
- d. Transport Layer
- e. Session Layer
- f. Presentation Layer
- g. Application Layer
Which layers are network support layers?
- Physical Layer
- Data link Layer and
- Network Layers
- Which layers are user support layers?
- Session Layer
- Presentation Layer and
- Application Layer
Source articl: Networktutorialonline.blogspot.com
No comments:
Post a Comment